Thermal stability of the electromechanical properties in acceptor-doped and composite-hardened (Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3–BaTiO3 ferroelectrics

Lead-free relaxor ferroelectrics are promising candidates for next-generation piezoelectric high-power devices, such as ultrasonic motors, transformers, and therapeutic ultrasonics. These applications require hard ferroelectrics with a broad operating temperature range. Recently, acceptor Zn2+ doping and composite formation with ZnO were proposed to induce hardening in Na1/2Bi1/2TiO3–BaTiO3 and simultaneously increase the depolarization...