Who benefits from digital badges? Motivational precursors of digital badge usages in higher education

A digital badge (DB) is an online display that acknowledges the achievement of skills and competencies through explicit evidence. Despite the fact that the Internet has opened such new opportunities for learning, little is known about the role of motivation for learning in this context. To address this void, this study hinged on two learning motivation theories: achievement goal and deep and surface approaches to learning, and sought to examine...