Up-conversion hybrid nanomaterials for light- and heat-driven applications

Composites or hybrid materials offer diverse properties not achievable in pure materials. Here we critically review the interesting and controllable fluorescence and photothermal properties of diverse hybrid materials containing up-conversion nanoparticles (UCNPs). These hybrids couple plasmons, photonic crystals, bio-surfaces, and two dimensional (2D) materials to the UCNPs, offering optical non-linearity, and enable effective...