Single Versus Double Anatomic Site Intraosseous Blood Transfusion in a Swine Model of Hemorrhagic Shock

BackgroundBlood transfusion via single site intraosseous access is a critical modality when caring for a trauma victim that lacks intravascular access. Flow rates and potential clinical complications when utilizing two sites of intraosseous access are not well known.Materials and MethodsAnesthetized adult female Yorkshire swine (Sus scrofa; n = 48; 76.7 ± 1.75kg; range 66-90kg) were cannulated and then bled approximately 30% total blood volume....