Chemistry

Cytochrome c

Photochemistry

Biochemistry

Enzyme

Electrochemical gradient

Bioenergetics

Membrane

Biology

Electron transfer

Biophysics

Chemiosmosis

Electron transport chain

Electron acceptor

Oxidative phosphorylation

Respiratory chain

ATP synthase

Mitochondrion

Cytochrome

Chemical Reviews

In the final steps of energy conservation in aerobic organisms, free energy from electron transfer through the respiratory chain is transduced into a proton electrochemical gradient across a membrane. In mitochondria and many bacteria, reduction of the dioxygen electron acceptor is catalyzed by cytochrome

Structure and Mechanism of Respiratory III–IV Supercomplexes in Bioenergetic Membranes