Mathematical analysis

Econometrics

Ecology

Economics

Variable (mathematics)

Natural resource

Market economy

Physics

Nonlinear system

Pure mathematics

Kuznets curve

Mathematics

Biology

Macroeconomics

Autoregressive model

Development economics

Quantum mechanics

Distributive property

Computer science

Sustainability

Globalization

Computer network

Distributed lag

Natural resource economics

Ecological footprint

Processes

The environmental issue has become a global problem that needs to be examined frequently, motivating researchers to investigate it. Thus, the present study has investigated the asymmetric impact of globalization, economic growth and natural resources on the ecological footprint in the presence of environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) in Thailand. The study has used annual time series data from 1970 to 2018. The study applied a novel method of nonlinear autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL). In particular, the current study has investigated the effect of positive and negative shocks on the independent variable on the dependent variable. The findings have confirmed that the effect of globalization and natural resources are significant and nonlinear. However, the effect of negative shocks of globalization and natural resources is more dominant on the ecological footprint in Thailand than the positive shocks of both variables. Moreover, the present study has also tested the presence of EKC in Thailand, and the findings confirm the presence of an inverted U-shape curve in the Thailand economy.

The Role of Globalization, Economic Growth and Natural Resources on the Ecological Footprint in Thailand: Evidence from Nonlinear Causal Estimations