Effects of workplace rumors and organizational formalization during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case study of universities in the Philippines

Purpose This study examines the effects of workplace rumors and organizational formalization on the degree of role ambiguity and emotional exhaustion that university employees in the Philippines are experiencing during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The interaction between the two variables is also analyzed. Design/methodology/approach Online survey data were obtained from 522 faculty members and staff at three public...