Mitral annular disjunction of degenerative mitral regurgitation: 4D evaluation and implications for mitral repair

We aimed to assess mitral valvular/annular/ventricular dynamics in mitral valve prolapse (MVP) stratified by mitral annular disjunction (MAD) presence, in the context of mitral surgery. In 61 patients (62 ± 11 years; 25% women) with MVP and severe mitral-regurgitation undergoing mitral-surgery between 2009-2016, 2D transthoracic and 4D-transesophageal echocardiographic characteristics and left ventricular (LV) dimensions/dynamics were analyzed,...