Significant roles of 4D printing using smart materials in the field of manufacturing

For many years, 3D Printing technologies have created significant advancements in the fields of engineering and healthcare. 4D printing is also introduced, which is the advanced version of 3D printing. The process of 4D printing is when a printed 3D object becomes another structure due to the influence of outside energy inputs such as temperature, light, or other environmental stimuli. This technology uses the input of smart materials, which...