Numerical analysis of molten metal behavior and undercut formation in high-speed GMAW

A computational fluid dynamics model was established to investigate the undercut formation in high speed gas metal arc welding (GMAW). A double-ellipse integrated "arc current density-arc pressure-electromagnetic force-arc heat" distribution model, which could be self-adaptive to weld pool surface evolution, was developed. The multi-coupling transport phenomena in weld pool were simulated, and the effect of driving forces on the behaviors of...