Association of vaping with decreased vascular endothelial growth factor expression and decreased microvessel density in cutaneous wound healing tissue in rats

Vaping is suggested to be a risk factor for poor wound healing akin to smoking. However, the molecular and histologic mechanisms underlying this postulation remain unknown. Our study sought to compare molecular and histologic changes in cutaneous flap and non‐flap tissue between vaping, smoking and control cohorts. Animal study of 15 male Sprague–Dawley rats was randomized to three cohorts: negative control ( n = 5), e‐cigarette ( n = 5) and...