Changes in Stressed Blood Volume with Levosimendan in Pulmonary Hypertension from Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: Insights Regarding Mechanism of Action From the HELP Trial

Levosimendan is a K+-ATPase activator, cardiac myofilament Ca2+sensitizer, and phosphodiesterase inhibitor with positive inotropic effects and vasodilatory properties in the pulmonary and systemic circulation, all of which are potential therapeutic targets for patients with pulmonary hypertension and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (PH-HFpEF). 1 Gorter TM Obokata M Reddy YNV Melenovsky V Borlaug BA. Exercise unmasks distinct...