Rewiring of Lactate–Interleukin-1β Autoregulatory Loop with Clock-Bmal1: a Feed-Forward Circuit in Glioma

A desynchronized circadian rhythm in tumors is coincident with aberrant inflammation and dysregulated metabolism. As their interrelationship in cancer etiology is largely unknown, we investigated the link among the three in glioma. The tumor metabolite lactate-mediated increase in the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) was concomitant with elevated levels of the core circadian regulators Clock and Bmal1. Small interfering RNA...