Asymmetric Polarization Vortex in Compositionally Graded Ferroelectrics and Unusual Switching of Toroidal Ordering by an Irrotational Electric Field

A reversal of polarization vortex in ferroelectric nanostructures plays important roles for next generations of electronic nanodevices. However, a direct switching of the polarization vortex in ferroelectrics is a nontrivial task since the toroidal moment of vortexis conjugated to a curled electric field rather than a homogeneous one.This work is dedicated to developing an approach to directly switch the vortex ordering under an irrotational...