Serum hemoglobin concentration and risk of renal function decline in early stages of diabetic kidney disease: a nationwide, biopsy-based cohort study

Prognosticating disease progression in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is challenging, especially in the early stages of kidney disease. Anemia can occur in the early stages of kidney disease in diabetes. We therefore postulated that serum hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, as a reflection of incipient renal tubulointerstitial impairment, can be used as a marker to predict DKD progression.Drawing on nationally representative data of...