Data-Driven Kidney Transplant Phenotyping as a Histology-Independent Framework for Biomarker Discovery

In transplant medicine, clinical decision making largely relies on histology of biopsy specimens. However, histology suffers from low specificity, sensitivity, and reproducibility, leading to suboptimal stratification of patients. We developed a histology-independent immune framework of kidney graft homeostasis and rejection.We applied tailored RNA deconvolution for leukocyte enumeration and coregulated gene network analysis to published bulk...