Local perturbation responses and checkerboard tests: Characterization tools for nonlinear MRI methods

Purpose Modern methods for MR image reconstruction, denoising, and parameter mapping are becoming increasingly nonlinear, black‐box, and at risk of “hallucination.” These trends mean that traditional tools for judging confidence in an image (visual quality assessment, point‐spread functions (PSFs), g‐factor maps, etc.) are less helpful than before. This paper describes and evaluates an approach that can help with assessing confidence in images...