Associations between electronic nicotine delivery systems and birth outcomes

Nicotine crosses the placenta and is a known teratogen. The use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) has increased among pregnant women in the US, but there is limited knowledge about their effects on birth outcomes. We examined the associations between ENDS and cigarette use during pregnancy with birth outcomes.We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 57,046 respondents from 32 US states in the 2016-2017 Pregnancy Risk Assessment...