Process maps and optimal processing windows based on three-dimensional morphological characteristics in laser directed energy deposition of Ni-based alloy

Constructing processing window to fabricate defect-free components with high forming quality and desired performance has been crucial in directed energy deposition. Due to its complexity as a mass and energy time-dependent system, it is still a key problem to be solved for laser powder-fed additive manufacturing to choose opportune processing parameters. In this paper, single scan track experiments were conducted under various combinations of...