The effects of TiO2 nanotubes on the biocompatibility of 3D printed Cu-bearing TC4 alloy

3D printed titanium implants have gained substantial attention in the medical fields of bone tissue and dental implants. Surface modification of titanium implants such as TiO2 nanotubes (TNT) make up for the interaction between the surface of titanium implants and the surrounding tissues by providing nanoporous structures and hydrophilic surfaces. In this study, a 3D printed Cu-bearing Ti6Al4V (TC4) alloy with micro/nano-topographical was...