Advances in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Immune and Inflammatory Diseases: Use of Cell-Free Products and Human pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal stem cell therapy (MSCT) for immune and inflammatory diseases continues to be popular based on progressive accumulation of preclinical mechanistic evidence. This has led to further expansion in clinical indications from graft rejection, autoimmune diseases, and osteoarthritis, to inflammatory liver and pulmonary diseases including COVID-19. A clear trend is the shift from using autologous to allogeneic MSCs, which can be immediately...