A longitudinal study of changes in smart phone addiction and depressive symptoms and potential risk factors among Chinese college students

Background The current study aims to track the changes in the levels of smart phone addiction (SPA) and depressive symptoms between pre and during COVID-19 and potential risk factors of among Chinese college students in a four-wave longitudinal study. Methods The participants were recruited from a Chinese university ( n = 195; 58.5% females). The first three-wave surveys were conducted before COVID-19 (during December of Year 1, June of Year 1,...