Clinical Utility of Cell-free and Circulating Tumor DNA in Kidney and Bladder Cancer: A Critical Review of Current Literature

Bladder and kidney cancers require invasive procedures for definitive diagnosis, and bladder cancer requires repeated procedures to monitor for disease recurrence. Given the recent work to identify molecular alterations in liquid biopsies to diagnose and monitor these diseases, a synthesis of the growing body of evidence is merited.To review current data on cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and to synthesize their roles in...