Psychology

Physical medicine and rehabilitation

Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance

Stimulation

Anesthesia

Neuroscience

Memory span

Disease

Prefrontal cortex

Blood pressure

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy

Cognition

Hemodynamics

Working memory

Audiology

Internal medicine

Haemodynamic response

Heart rate

Dementia

Forehead

Surgery

Medicine

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease

Recent studies of photobiomodulation (PBM) in patients with cognitive or psychological disorders (including traumatic brain injury, stroke, and dementia) have yielded some encouraging results.In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of a single stimulation on memory in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).After PBM, hemodynamic changes, as a measure of functional brain activity, were evaluated using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Eighteen subjects who met the criteria of MCI were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups. A single real or sham PBM session was administered to the forehead of each patient in the experimental and control groups, respectively. All subjects performed a visual memory span test before and after the stimulation, and their hemodynamic responses during the tasks were measured using fNIRS.The results showed that among the MCI subjects, only those who received PBM, but not those who received the sham stimulation, demonstrated significant improvement in the visual memory performance and a reduction in the hemodynamic response during the tasks.These findings suggest that PBM may reduce the cognitive efforts needed to complete tasks that require high memory loads, and thus improve the cognitive performance of individuals with MCI.

Photobiomodulation Enhances Memory Processing in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study