Numerical simulation and parametric study on self-piercing riveting process of aluminium–steel hybrid sheets

Self-piercing riveting (SPR) process has been widely applied in different industrial fields to join similar or dissimilar materials. This paper aims to investigate the SPR joinability of aluminium–steelhybrid sheets and obtain the design range of material strength and thickness distribution. A 2D axisymmetric numerical model is constructed based on r-adaptivity method to simulate the SPR process. The accuracy of the numerical model is validated...