Environmental economics

Microeconomics

Game theory

Ecology

Warranty

Backward induction

Economics

Geometry

Greenhouse gas

Business

Mathematics

Biology

Marketing

Political science

Product (mathematics)

Supply chain

Stackelberg competition

Industrial organization

Reduction (mathematics)

Economic order quantity

Environment Development and Sustainability

Greenhouse gas emissions have gradually became an important problem hindering the sustainable development of human beings. This paper considers the carbon emissions generated by the manufacturer during the product warranty process. The impacts of cap-and-trade regulation on product warranty policy and carbon emission reduction strategy are studied. According to Stackelberg theory, two supply chain game models are established. In Model I, market demand only depends on the selling price and warranty period of the product. In Model II, the carbon emission reduction level of the product is also considered as a new important factor affecting market demand. The optimal decisions of Model I and Model II in the centralized and decentralized game structure are solved and a revenue-sharing contract is proposed to coordinate the low-carbon supply chain. According to theory analysis, the following conclusions are obtained: (1) Compared with Model I, the key decisions in Model II have better response. (2) Under all game structures, the products in the centralized scheme have higher carbon emission reduction levels and warranty periods. (3) The unit carbon trading price has a negative correlation with the carbon emission reduction level and warranty period of the product. Eventually, through a set of numerical experiments, the validity of the proposed contract is verified and sensitivity analysis on key parameters of the optimal strategies of the two models under different game policies is performed.

Low-carbon supply chain optimization considering warranty period and carbon emission reduction level under cap-and-trade regulation