Biomass (ecology)

Spatial ecology

Mathematics

Biology

Computer science

Cartography

Optics

Logging

Laser scanning

Geography

Environmental science

Telecommunications

Scale (ratio)

Forestry

Tree (set theory)

Forest management

Lidar

Remote sensing

Ranging

Mathematical analysis

Ecology

Ecoregion

Agroforestry

Physics

Laser

Forests

Accurate forest biomass estimation at the individual tree scale is the foundation of timber industry and forest management. It plays an important role in explaining ecological issues and small-scale processes. Remotely sensed images, across a range of spatial and temporal resolutions, with their advantages of non-destructive monitoring, are widely applied in forest biomass monitoring at global, ecoregion or community scales. However, the development of remote sensing applications for forest biomass at the individual tree scale has been relatively slow due to the constraints of spatial resolution and evaluation accuracy of remotely sensed data. With the improvements in platforms and spatial resolutions, as well as the development of remote sensing techniques, the potential for forest biomass estimation at the single tree level has been demonstrated. However, a comprehensive review of remote sensing of forest biomass scaled at individual trees has not been done. This review highlights the theoretical bases, cha...

LiDAR Applications to Estimate Forest Biomass at Individual Tree Scale: Opportunities, Challenges and Future Perspectives