In Vitro Bioassay of Purpureocillium lilacinum and Bacillus thuringiensis for Control of Meloidogyne incognita on Black Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) in Sarawak, Malaysia, Northern Borneo

This study aimed to evaluate strains of the entomopathogenic fungus Purpureocillium lilacinum (PL) and the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) from Sarawak for their in vitro nematicidal properties against different developmental stages of Meloidogyne incognita  (MI). Ten indigenous novel strains of PL, a novel strain of the fungus (PLM), and a strain of BT carrying Cry6 and Cry14 gene sequences were screened against MI females, eggs, egg...