Endometritis

Biology

Pregnancy rate

Live birth

Endometrium

Genetics

Embryo transfer

Relative risk

Internal medicine

Endometrial biopsy

Obstetrics

Confidence interval

Gynecology

Medicine

Pregnancy

Fertility and Sterility

ObjectiveTo investigate the therapeutic effect of antibiotic treatment on pregnancy outcomes in the following frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles of infertile women.DesignRetrospective study.SettingUniversity assisted reproduction unit.Patient(s)A total of 640 women were included. Among them, the number of CD138+ cells per high-power field (CD138+/HPF) in the endometrium at the first evaluation was 0 in 88 women; 315 women had 1–4 CD138+/HPF and the remaining 237 had ≥5 CD138+/HPF. Finally, 26 of 237 women had persistent chronic endometritis (PCE) diagnosed.Intervention(s)Hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy were performed in the proliferative phase. After antibiotic treatment, endometrial biopsy samples were collected again.Main Outcome Measure(s)Live birth rate.Result(s)No significant difference in pregnancy outcomes was found between women with CD138+/HPF = 0 and those with CD138+/HPF 1–4. The cure rate was 89.0% in women with CD138+/HPF ≥5 after treatment. The implantation rate (51.6% vs. 32.3%, relative risk [RR] 2.23, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07–4.66), clinical pregnancy rate (65.7% vs. 42.3%, RR 2.62, 95% CI 1.17–5.86), live birth rate (52.1% vs. 30.7%, RR 2.45, 95% CI 1.04–5.76), and cumulative live birth rate (64.2% vs. 38.5%, RR 2.88, 95% CI 1.27–6.51) were all significantly higher in women with CD138+/HPF ≤4 than in women with PCE.Conclusion(s)CD138+/HPF ≤4 in the endometrium had no negative impact on pregnancy outcomes. Antibiotic treatment was an effective way to improve the reproductive outcomes of women with CD138+/HPF ≥5. PCE was associated with poorer pregnancy outcomes. To investigate the therapeutic effect of antibiotic treatment on pregnancy outcomes in the following frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles of infertile women. Retrospective study. University assisted reproduction unit. A total of 640 women were included. Among them, the number of CD138+ cells per high-power field (CD138+/HPF) in the endometrium at the first evaluation was 0 in 88 women; 315 women had 1–4 CD138+/HPF and the remaining 237 had ≥5 CD138+/HPF. Finally, 26 of 237 women had persistent chronic endometritis (PCE) diagnosed. Hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy were performed in the proliferative phase. After antibiotic treatment, endometrial biopsy samples were collected again. Live birth rate. No significant difference in pregnancy outcomes was found between women with CD138+/HPF = 0 and those with CD138+/HPF 1–4. The cure rate was 89.0% in women with CD138+/HPF ≥5 after treatment. The implantation rate (51.6% vs. 32.3%, relative risk [RR] 2.23, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07–4.66), clinical pregnancy rate (65.7% vs. 42.3%, RR 2.62, 95% CI 1.17–5.86), live birth rate (52.1% vs. 30.7%, RR 2.45, 95% CI 1.04–5.76), and cumulative live birth rate (64.2% vs. 38.5%, RR 2.88, 95% CI 1.27–6.51) were all significantly higher in women with CD138+/HPF ≤4 than in women with PCE. CD138+/HPF ≤4 in the endometrium had no negative impact on pregnancy outcomes. Antibiotic treatment was an effective way to improve the reproductive outcomes of women with CD138+/HPF ≥5. PCE was associated with poorer pregnancy outcomes.

Impact of oral antibiotic treatment for chronic endometritis on pregnancy outcomes in the following frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles of infertile women: a cohort study of 640 embryo transfer cycles