Depressive symptoms as a predictor of memory decline in older adults: A longitudinal study using the dual change score model

The directionality of the longitudinal association between depressive symptoms and memory remains a topic of intense debate. A unidirectional association where depression impacts the change in memory (or vice-versa) and a bidirectional association where the trajectories of both dimensions affect each other lead to different clinical implications. Method: This study investigated the depression-memory longitudinal association in a sample of 2057...