Additive manufacturing of hydroxyapatite and its composite materials: A review

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a promising biomaterial for tissue engineering scaffolds due to its similar performance and composition to natural bone. However, the brittleness and poor toughness of pure HA limit its clinical application. Therefore, a lot of HA composites have been prepared to improve their mechanical performance. Fabricating complex and customized tissue engineering HA scaffolds have a very high requirement for manufacturing processes....