Review of fundamental studies of CO2 fracturing: Fracture propagation, propping and permeating

CO2 fracturing is one potential technique to relieve environmental issues related to the massive hydraulic fracturing of hydrocarbon reservoirs. We summarize fundamental studies on overall procedures of CO2 fracturing and analyze research progress related to fracturing, the propping of the induced fractures and permeating CO2 into, then recovering hydrocarbons from, the formation. The key controlling characteristics in CO2 fracturing at each...