A review of state-of-the-art in Face Presentation Attack Detection: From early development to advanced deep learning and multi-modal fusion methods

Face Recognition is considered one of the most common biometric solutions these days and is widely used across a range of devices for various security purposes. The performance of FR systems has improved by orders of magnitude over the past decade. This is mainly due to the latest developments in computer vision and deep convolutional neural networks, and the availability of large training datasets. At the same time, these systems have been...