enzymatic hydrolysis

chondrogenic

pretreatment_70856

lignocellulosic biomass

hemicellulose

biorefineries

disease smoking

sea level rise

pretreatment_98562

surface albedo

unitarity

enzymatic saccharification

manganese mn

biomass_98529

crack cocaine

lignin_22

lignocellulose_20

co-continuous

Bioresource Technology

Depleting fossil reserves and growing energy needs have raised the demand for an alternative and clean energy source. The use of ubiquitously available lignocellulosic biomass for developing economic and eco-friendly large scale biorefinery applications has provided the much-needed impetus in this regard. The pretreatment process is a vital step for biomass transformation into added value products such as sugars, biofuels, etc. Different pretreatment approaches are employed to overcome the recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass and expedite its disintegration into individual components- cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The conventional pretreatment methods lack sustainability and practicability for industrial scale up. The review encompasses the recent advances in selective physical and chemical pretreatment approaches such as milling, extrusion, microwave, ammonia fibre explosion, eutectic solvents etc. The study will allow a deeper understanding of these pretreatment processes and increase their scope as sustainable technologies for developing modern biorefineries.

Pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass: A review on recent advances