4D printing soft robots guided by machine learning and finite element models

This paper presents a method for four-dimensional (4D) printing of soft pneumatic actuator robot (SPA)s, using nonlinear machine learning (ML) and finite element model (FEM). A FEM is developed to accurately simulate experimental actuation to obtain training data for the ML modeling. More than a thousand data training samples from the hyperelastic material FEM model generated to use as training data for the ML model, which was developed to...