Programming language

Linearization

Set (abstract data type)

Code (set theory)

Physics

Nonlinear system

Cryptography

Channel (broadcasting)

Quantum mechanics

Parallel computing

Computer science

Side channel attack

Distributed computing

Control flow

Computer network

Embedded system

Constant (computer programming)

Software

Computer security

In the era of microarchitectural side channels, vendors scramble to deploy mitigations for transient execution attacks, but leave traditional side-channel attacks against sensitive software (e.g., crypto programs) to be fixed by developers by means of constant-time programming (i.e., absence of secret-dependent code/data patterns). Unfortunately, writing constant-time code by hand is hard, as evidenced by the many flaws discovered in production side channel-resistant code. Prior efforts to automatically transform programs into constant-time equivalents offer limited security or compatibility guarantees, hindering their applicability to real-world software.

Constantine: Automatic Side-Channel Resistance Using Efficient Control and Data Flow Linearization