Cytokines as Targets of Novel Therapies for Graves’ Ophthalmopathy
Abstract
Graves' disease (GD) is an organ-specific autoimmune disorder of the thyroid, which is characterized by circulating TSH-receptor (TSH-R) stimulating antibodies (TSAb), leading to hyperthyroidism. Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) is one of GD extra-thyroidal manifestations associated with the presence of TSAb, and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) autoantibodies, that interact with orbital fibroblasts. Cytokines are elevated in autoimmune...
Paper Details
Title
Cytokines as Targets of Novel Therapies for Graves’ Ophthalmopathy
Published Date
Apr 16, 2021
Journal
Volume
12
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