Association between Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Prescription and Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agent Hyporesponsiveness in Hemodialysis Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) has been hypothesized to improve responsiveness to erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA). We aimed to describe the trend in DPP-4 inhibitor prescription patterns and assess the association between DPP-4 inhibitor prescription and ESA hyporesponsiveness (eHypo) in Japanese hemodialysis (HD) patients with diabetes mellitus (DM)....