A constrained factor mixture analysis model for consistent and inconsistent respondents to mixed-worded scales.

Mixed-worded scales require a more careful reading and answering process than scales with only one type of wording. The present study is about the unintended consequences of using such scales, because typically, not all respondents answer positively and negatively worded items consistently. This population heterogeneity-meaning that there are distinct groups of consistently and inconsistently answering respondents-may arguably underlie...