The concept of the ‘carcinoid’: The phylogenic and ontogenic evolution of the unresolved karzinoide conundrum

In respect of carcinoid disease, one might well ask, why have we failed so miserably? In 1907, Oberndorfer described “karzinoide” and yet more than a century later, most diagnoses still reflect incurable metastatic disease. Attempts to address the biology and mechanistic basis of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) have lacked logic, balanced oversight, or linearity. Governance appears directed to the support of countless clinical trials, often so...