Pre-oxidation of lignin precursors for hard carbon anode with boosted lithium-ion storage capacity

Lignin-derived hard carbon (HC) has great potential as energy storage materials. However, it is difficult to obtain desired electrochemical performances by direct carbonization of lignin. Herein, we demonstrate a pre-oxidation strategy to enhance the reversible capacity of hard carbon with lignin as precursor. The pre-oxidation mechanism and its influence on the microstructures of the resulted hard carbon are systematically studied. Based on...