Experimental Investigation of the Fracture Performance of Hard Rock with a Single Borehole by Using a Hydraulic Splitter

The continuous expansion of urban areas is severely restricted by limited land resources. A promising and universal solution to this problem is the development of underground spaces. However, during the excavation of underground rock tunnels, mechanical tools undergo severe wearing due to the strengthened mechanical properties of the rock. Engineering applications have demonstrated that hydraulic splitters can effectively fracture hard rocks....