Biomimetic, Stiff, and Adhesive Periosteum with Osteogenic–Angiogenic Coupling Effect for Bone Regeneration

Current periosteal grafts have limitations related to low mechanical strength, tissue adhesiveness, and poor osteogenesis and angiogenesis potential. Here, a periosteum mimicking bone aid (PMBA) with similar structure and function to natural periosteum is developed by electrospinning photocrosslinkable methacrylated gelatin (GelMA), l ‐arginine‐based unsaturated poly(ester amide) (Arg‐UPEA), and methacrylated hydroxyapatite nanoparticles...