Cytoreductive nephrectomy in the era of targeted- And immuno- therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma: An elusive issue? A systematic review of the literature

The role of cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) in the era of targeted- (TT) and immuno- (IT) therapy remains controversial. The primary objective of the present systematic, performed according to PRISMA guidelines review, was to assess the prevalence of nephrectomy in mRCC patients enrolled in TT/IT randomized phase II/III clinical trials (RCTs) or expanded access programs (EAPs). Medline database was...