Structural basin

Geomorphology

Electrical engineering

Geology

Engineering

Civil engineering

Hydraulic head

Geotechnical engineering

Ecology

Siltation

Ditch

Sediment control

Sediment

Water intake

Sedimentation

Environmental science

Hydropower

Water resource management

Hydrology (agriculture)

Biology

Hydraulic structure

Hydroelectricity

The article discusses various types of new improved dam water intake hydroelectric systems, sedimentation facilities, sediment control devices on rivers and canals with a rational layout. The results of the analysis of studies on the use of the theory of transverse circulation and methods of artificial, active regulation of the structure of the water intake flow are presented, which has become widespread in world practice and is the main one for creating an effective design of water intake headworks for pumping stations and hydropower facilities that provide them with reliable protection from sediments. The author of the article, on the basis of numerous experimental data obtained in various countries of the world, makes a conclusion about the effectiveness and prospects of using front-type structures with more than 50% water intake. The design of water intakes of this type has been significantly improved; they can be successfully used in various conditions, including on Mountain Rivers. The author draws attention to the development of a new design of the pioneer ditch, which ensures the efficient passage of bottom sediments into the downstream of the structure, which prevents intensive silting of the reservoir basin by bottom sediments and improves the efficiency of the dam water intake.

Hydraulic aspects of the layout of head structures during water intake from lowland rivers