Ophthalmology

Engineering

Neuroscience

Limiting

Macular degeneration

Choroid

Cornea

Retina

Sclera

Retinal pigment epithelium

Retinal

Optic nerve

Medicine

Mechanical engineering

Biology

Studying the biomechanical properties of biological tissue is crucial to improve our understanding of disease pathogenesis. The biomechanical characteristics of the cornea, sclera and the optic nerve head have been well addressed with an extensive literature and an in-depth understanding of their significance whilst, in comparison, knowledge of the retina and choroid is relatively limited. Knowledge of these tissues is important not only to clarify the underlying pathogenesis of a wide variety of retinal and vitreoretinal diseases, including age-related macular degeneration, hereditary retinal dystrophies and vitreoretinal interface diseases but also to optimise the surgical handling of retinal tissues and, potentially, the design and properties of implantable retinal prostheses and subretinal therapies. Our aim with this article is to comprehensively review existing knowledge of the biomechanical properties of retina, internal limiting membrane (ILM) and the Bruch's membrane-choroidal complex (BMCC), highlighting the potential implications for clinical and surgical practice. Prior to this we review the testing methodologies that have been used both in vitro, and those starting to be used in vivo to aid understanding of their results and significance.摘要: 研究生物组织的生物力学特性对于提高我们对疾病发病机制的理解至关重要。我们对角膜、巩膜和视神经的生物力学特征已经通过广泛发表的文献和学者们对其重要性的深入理解已经认识得很透彻, 而相比之下, 人们对视网膜和脉络膜的认知相对有限。了解这些组织不仅对于阐明各种视网膜和玻璃体视网膜疾病如老年黄斑变性、遗传性视网膜营养不良和玻璃体视网膜界面疾病等潜在的发病机制很重要, 而且对于优化视网膜组织的手术处理以及植入式视网膜假体和视网膜下治疗的设计和特质也很重要。本文旨在全面回顾视网膜、内界膜(ILM)和Bruch膜-脉络膜复合体(BMCC)的生物力学特性的现有知识, 强调其对临床和外科手术的潜在影响。在此之前, 我们回顾了已经用于体外和开始在体内使用的生物力学检测方法, 以帮助理解其结果和意义。.

Biomechanical properties of retina and choroid: a comprehensive review of techniques and translational relevance