Macroscopic characteristics of flash-boiling spray focused on plume interaction

In gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines, plume-plume interaction usually occurs when the superheated fluid discharges from multi-hole injectors. To mitigate plume interaction for further utilizing the merits of flash-boiling phenomena, it is essential to obtain the criteria of plume interaction and their effects on flashing spray characteristics. An 8-hole injector from Engine Combustion Network (ECN) is used to obtain the plume interaction...