Multifunctional SDF-1-loaded hydroxyapatite/polylactic acid membranes promote cell recruitment, immunomodulation, angiogenesis, and osteogenesis for biomimetic bone regeneration

Bone repair is a complex and multifactorial regulatory process, and achieving precise and efficient bone regeneration is a fundamental goal of bone tissue engineering. Promoting the synergistic effects of cell recruitment, immunomodulation, angiogenesis, and osteogenesis is a feasible strategy to augment bone repair. In this work, the multifunctional agent stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) was loaded onto hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanowires and...