Electrical engineering

Physics

Aerospace engineering

Energy (signal processing)

Power management

Mathematics

Operations research

Greenhouse gas

Energy management

Biology

Propulsion

Statistics

Engineering

Power (physics)

Systems engineering

Renewable energy

Ecology

Reliability engineering

Microgrid

Computer science

Quantum mechanics

Energy management system

Electric power system

IEEE Systems Journal

The increasing demands for reducing greenhouse emissions and improving fuel efficiency of marine transportation have presented opportunities for electric ships. Due to the complexity of multiple power resources coordination, varied propulsion loads, changeable economical, and environmental requirements, power/energy management system (PMS/EMS) becomes essential in both designing and operational processes. The existing literature on PMS/EMS can be categorized into rule-based and optimization-based approaches. Compared to the rule-based PMS/EMS, which relies heavily on human expertise, as well as predefined strategies and priorities, the optimization-based approaches can offer more efficient solutions and are more widely used nowadays. This article provides a comprehensive review of the marine optimization-based power/energy management system and discusses the future trends of PMS/EMS in ship power systems.

Optimization-Based Power and Energy Management System in Shipboard Microgrid: A Review