Internal medicine

Surgery

Pathology

Pediatrics

Eosinophilia

Presentation (obstetrics)

Leukemia

Hypereosinophilia

Disease

Guideline

Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Medicine

American Journal of Blood Research

Objective null Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) may present with signs and symptoms related to null involvement, therefore, leads to delayed diagnosis of ALL in children. This study aims to consider the null manifestations of ALL in children and their proper treatment. null Method null The databases were searched for all relevant subjects including null lymphoblastic leukemia, clinical presentation, unusual presentation, childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia, presenting features of ALL, extramedullary presentation, and atypical null from April 1968 to June 2020. The Inclusion criteria for this review study were all cases reported, case series, and studies about null presentations of ALL in pediatrics. Eighty-seven studies had inclusion criteria. All reported studies were analyzed given their null presentations, age, sex, treatment option, and prognostic factors. A two-sided P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. null Result null In this review study, the null initial signs and symptoms of ALL were related to musculoskeletal system 17 (19.5%) especially bony symptoms and hypercalcemia. The additional null presentations of ALL in order of frequency include; renal involvement, 17 (19.5%), hepatic symptom 12 (13.8%), orbital presentation 10 (11.5%), neurologic signs 8 (9%), dermatological manifestations 5 (5.8%), oral presentations 5 (5.8%), hypereosinophilia 5 (5.8%), abdominal manifestation 3 (3.5%), pericardial involvement 2 (2.3%), and the other miscellaneous presentations 3 (3.5%). null Conclusion null The clinicians must become familiar with these null presentations of ALL in pediatrics to avoid the delayed diagnosis of this disease and increase the probable chance of survival by early detection.

Extramedullary manifestations in acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children: a systematic review and guideline-based approach of treatment.